Leaf spots: Chrysanthemums are subject to several leaf spot fungi including Septoria chrysanthemi, S. chrysanthemella, Alternaria species, and Cercospora chrysanthemi. Diseases are arranged according to casual agents for easy reference. Molecules 21:526. doi:10.3390/molecules21040526, Zhu W-y et al (2014) Intergeneric hybrids between Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Nannongxiaoli’ and Artemisia vulgaris ‘Variegata’ show enhanced resistance against both aphids and Alternaria leaf spot. Crop Prot 22(2):425–429. Spots often occur on lower leaves first and can coalesce into large necrotic areas and finally death of the entire leaf. J Phytopathol 143:569–571. Chrysanthemum morifolium and Dendranthema grandiflora are perennial plants often grown as annuals. J Agric Res 18(11):553–606, Garnsey SM, Whidden R (1971) Decontamination treatments to reduce the spread of citrus exocortis virus (CEV) by contaminated tools. Chrysanthemum Philip Brierley For more than 50 years florists have grown chrysanthemums in atelythe green- house as potted plants and as cut flow- ers for autumn bloom, and amateurs ously have grown them as garden perennials. Sonia yield 25% more marketable blooms over the period from DEC-MAR. Browning and blackening extends down the stem, causing the flower to droop. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, NY, pp 355–382, Dienelt MM, Lawson RH (1991) Chrysanthemum foliar necrosis: transmission electron microscopy of leaf lesions. 2nd applied-scientific seminar on flowers and ornamental plants, 15–16 Oct 2003, Mahallat-Iran, p 39, Gillow I, Gortzig C (1964) History. Leaves have white, dry fungal growth on their surfaces. View our privacy policy. Chris B. Watkins and William B. Miller, Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 . Phytopathology 73:279–281, Chesters CGC, Blakeman JP (1966) The survival on chrysanthemum roots of epiphytic mycelium of, Cho WK, Jo Y, Jo K-M, Kim K-H (2013) A current overview of two viroids that infect chrysanthemums: chrysanthemum stunt viroid and chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle. APS Press, St Paul, 562 pp, Esser RP (1966) Life history of a foliar nematode (, Faivre-Amiot A (1967) Quelques observations sur la présence de, Faivre-Amiot A, Róux J, Faivre M (1982) Biological control of, Fan Q, Song A, Xin J, Chen S, Jiang J, Wang Y, Li X, Chen F (2015) CmWRKY15 facilitates Alternaria tenuissima infection of chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemums are propagated vegetatively by cuttings. Incidence in garden chrysanthemums. CBS biodiversity series. Cornell Univ Agric Exp Station Bull 787:1–70, Pulawska J, Willems A, Sobiczewski (2012), Quesada-Ocampo LM, Withers S, Butler S, Birdsell T, Schultheis J (2015) First report of Plectosporium blight on pumpkin and squash caused by, Rabeendran N, Jones EE, Moot DJ, Stewart A (2006) Biocontrol of Sclerotinia lettuce drop by, Raj SK, Khan MS, Kumar S (2007a) Molecular identification of, Raj SK, Kumar S, Choudhari S (2007b) Identification of tomato aspermy virus as the cause of yellow mosaicand flower deformation of chrysanthemums in India. Plant in pasteurized soil or soilless mix free of the pathogen. Virus 5:1099–1113. Phytopathology 77:120, McGovern RJ, Horst RK, Dickey RS (1985) Effect of plant nutrition on susceptibility of, McGovern RJ, Horst RK, Dickey RS (1988) Reduced susceptibility of florists’ chrysanthemum to, McGovern RJ, Horst RK, Israel HW (1989) Chrysanthemum phloem necrosis: symptomatology and histopathology. Phytoparasitica 35:159–178, Liu XL, Wei Q, Hong B, Zhao XT (2014) First report of, Locke JC, Marois JJ, Papavizas GC (1985) Biological control of Fusarium wilt of greenhouse-grown chrysanthemums. Mink GI (1993) Pollen and seed-transmitted viruses and viroids. Lea… Floriculture greenhouse update, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Anonymous (2015) Pot mum culture guide. J Gen Plant Pathol 75:1–18. Harvest: Flowering starts 110-120 days after planting. Plant Dis 87(10):1183–1189, Horita H (1993) Occurrance of bacterial leaf spot disease of chrysanthemum incited by, Horita H (1995) Bacterial stem rot of chrysanthemum caused by, Horst RK (1975) Detection of a latent infectious agent that protects against infection by chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid. New York Flowers Growers Bull 26:2, Dimock AW (1956) Production of chrysanthemum propagating material free from certain major pathogens. J Plant Breed Crop Sci 1(3):039–044. Small, yellow to tan spots are observed on the upper surface of leaves. Scientist Zeroni & Gale found that tolerance increased at high … ref 46, Beakes GW, Sekimoto S (2009) The evolutionary phylogeny of oomycetes-insights gained from studies of holocarpic parasites of algae and invertebrates. Specific … Protect plants grown outdoors from splashing. of physiological disorders include irradiance (in- tensity, photoperiod, and spectral quality), hu- midity, CO concentration, air temperature, air movement, growing medium temperature and moisture level, and mechanical effects. N Z J Exp Agric 2(2):185–188, Singh RP et al (1989) Evaluation of chemicals for disinfection of laboratory equipment exposed to potato spindle tuber viroid. O’Keefe G (2014) An American perspective of Chrysanthemum white rust caused by, Ochoa MDL, Zavaleta-Mejia E, Johansen NRM, Herrera GA, Cardenas Soriani E (1996) Tospoviruses, weeds and thrips associated withchrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev cv. Carnation: Caly x splitting, Grassiness, Sleepiness. Plant in pasteurized soil or soilless mix free of the pathogen. Hedwigia 40:25–26, Hiratsuka N (1957) Three species of chrysanthemum-rusts in Japan and its neighboring districts. Biological pest control for Chrysanthemum. Ann Appl Biol 45:589–602, Hollings M, Stone OM (1971) Tomato aspermy virus. 79, Hollings M, Stone OM (1973) Some properties of chrysanthemum stunt, a virus with the characteristics of an uncoated ribonucleic acid. University of Illinois, Department of Crop Sciences. The effect on plant growth of the addition to growth media of the anti-gibberellin paclobutrazol was also investigated. Cite as. In: Strider DL (ed) Diseases of floral crops, vol 1. Carnation: Caly x splitting, Grassiness, Sleepiness. Yellowing of leaves, wilting, and discoloration of the vascular tissue develops up one side of the plant. Phytopathol Mediterr 52(3):434–441, Monsion M, Bachelier J-C, Dunez J (1973) Quelques propriétiés d’un viroïde: le rabougrissement du chrysanthème. Cuttings turn dark brown and collapse. Retrieved 10 Apr 2017, from, Farr DF, Bills GF, Chamuris GP, Rossman AY (1989) Fungi on plants and plant products in the United States. Plant Dis 69:167–169, Martin FN, Abad ZG, Balci Y, Ivors K (2012) Identification and detection of Phytophthora: reviewing our progress, identifying our needs. J Jpn Soc Hortic Sci 78:350–355, Pappu HR, Jones RAC, Jain RK (2009) Global status of tospovirus epidemics in diverse cropping systems: successes achieved and challenges ahead. doi:10.1094/PHI-I-2001-0104-01, Mullen JM, Sikora EJ (2003) First report of Plectosporium blight on pumpkin caused by, Mullen JM, Hagan AK, Carey DK (2001) First report of Phytophthora blossom blight of chrysanthemum caused by, Mumford RA, Jarvis B, Morris J, Blockley A (2003) First report of chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) in the UK. Leaves, at first mottled, become completely yellow. When infected leaves dry, the spots become brittle and crack. J Virol Methods 96:149–156, Omori H, Hosokawa M, Shiba M, Yazawa S (2009) Screening of chrysanthemum plants with strong resistance to chrysanthemum stunt viroid. Division of plant industry bulletin # 14. Inst. J Yunnan Agric Univ 17(1):24–27. Entering your postal code will help us provide news or event updates for your area. Chrysanthemum constitutes an important floricultural crop in the world flower market. J Gansu Agric Univ 37(2):185–189, Jones JB, Engelhard AW, Raju BC (1983) Outbreak of stem necrosis incited by, Jones JB, Chase AR, Harbaugh BK, Raju BC (1985) Effect of leaf wetness, fertilizer rate, leaf age, and light intensity before inoculation on bacterial leaf spot of chrysanthemum. Now-a-days, micronutrients especially zinc Schwartz HF, Steadman JR (1978) Factors affecting sclerotium populations of, and apothecium production by, Semer CR IV, Raju BC (1985) Phytophthora leaf blight of hibiscus, a new disease caused by, Shamala G, Janardhana GR (2015) Prevalence and severity of leaf blight disease of chrysanthemum in southern regions of Karnataka and in-vitro fungicidal effect on, Sharma P, Meena PD, Verma PR, Saharan GS, Mehta N, Singh D, Kumar A (2015), Sherman JM, Moyer JW, Daub ME (1998) Tomato spotted wilt virus resistance in chrysanthemum expressing the viral nucleocapsid gene. Descriptions of Plant Viruses, No. In order to meet the ever increasing demand ofproduction of quality flowers, to increase productivity and to overcome the physiological disorders, application of major and micronutrients are inevitable. though grown by the chinese for over 2000 years, cultivars were not available in europe until the 1800s. doi:10.1007/s10327-005-0264-6, Matsuura S, Kubota K, Okuda M (2007) First report of Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus on Chrysanthemums in Japan. prevent the physiological disorders of shoot and leaf hyperhydricity (Ziv, 1999), and the low production costs as a result. Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid: Purchase virus-indexed plants that are free of the pathogen. Plant viruses online, descriptions and lists from the VIDE database. Cornell University Agric Exp Station Bull 594:1–30, Post K (1942) Effects of daylength and temperature on growth and flowering of some florist crops. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Ohio Agric Exp Station Bull 559:1–43, Post K (1934) Production of early blooms of chrysanthemums by use of black cloth to reduce the length of day. Rust, smut, mildew and blights are very often quoted in Bible. Symptoms of plant diseases are also mentioned in old testaments like Bible, Shakespear‘s poems and dramas and other Christian literature. Maintain greenhouse humidity below 98%. Reproduction phase does not commence and modified into leaf like bracts. (2016) indicated that monochromatic red light could induce a physiological disorder, including the decrease in F v /F m, which was defined as the “red light syndrome”. Ghotbi T, Shahraeen N (2009) Natural incidence and infectivity level of three nepoviruses in ornamental crops in Iran. Adverse light intensity causes impaired growth and reduced vigour. J Japan Soc Hortic Sci 81(3):285–294. Russ J Plant Physiol 57:548. doi:10.1134/S1021443710040138, Young JM, Watson DRW, Fletcher MJ, Kemp WJ (1987) Isolation of, Yunis H, Elad Y (1989) Survival of dicarboximide-resistant strains of Botrytis Cinerea in plant debris during summer in Israel. Annu Rev Phytopathol 31:375–402. Phytopathology 30:1054–1055, Dimock AW (1947) Chrysanthemum stunt. Symptoms vary with the cultivar infected. SAARC J Agric 12(1):48–61, Derks AFLM, Lemmers MEC (1996) Detection of tospoviruses in bulbous crops and transmission by vegetative propagation. African J Biotechnol. Physiological disorders Premature Budding More specifically, crop exposure to low night temperatures, short days, drought or nutrient stress can lead to premature budding. In: Ravichandra NG (ed) Horticultural nematology. Brunt AA, Crabtree K, Dalwitz MJ, Gibbs AJ, Watson L, Zurcher EJ (eds) (1996 onwards). Wiley, New York, 584 pp, Poesch GH, Laurie A (1935) The use of artificial light and reduction of daylight period for flowering plants in the greenhouse. Plant viruses online: descriptions and lists from the VIDE database. (In Slovenian), Whipps JM, Budge SP (1990) Screening for sclerotial mycoparasites of, Willets HJ, Wong JA-L (1980) The biology of, Wojdyla A, Orlikowski LB, Zdonek Z (1988) Biology, pathogenicity and chemical control of, Wright ER, Palmucci HE (2003) Occurrence of stem rot of chrysanthemum caused by, Wu H, Kong B, Chen H, Liu J (2002) Survey and identification of chrysanthemum virus diseases in Kunming. Will you also take the step to implement biological strategies in your crops? Chrysanthemum diseases discussed in this chapter may be encountered on cultivars grown for cut, pot and garden mum production. Chrysanthemum: Crown bud formation, Premature budding. Chrysanthemum: Crown bud formation, Premature budding. Plant Dis 96:1080–1103, Matsushita Y, Aoki K, Sumitomo K (2012) Selection and inheritance of resistance to, Matsuura S, Hoshino S, Koga H (2006) Verbena as a trap crop to suppress thrips-transmitted tomato spotted wilt virus in chrysanthemums. Destroy infected plants and disinfest tools used to handle them. Due to K deficiency. USDA, NASS, Armstrong GM, Armstrong JK (1965) Wilt of chrysanthemum caused by race 1 of the cowpes Fusarium. Desuckering in chrysanthemum During the vegetative growth phase, plant grows upward and new suckers continue to develop from the base of the plants. Although silicon is not an indispensable element for the growth and development of higher plants, according to Epstein (2009), under stress conditions additional treatment with silicon may cause a big difference in their performance. Stages of harvest Standard types - paint brush stage Spray types - when two flowers are open and the remaining flower buds show colour Braun U, Cook RTA (2012) Taxonomic manual of the Ersiphales (Powdery Mildews), 2nd edn. ISBN:0-89054-099-3, Fiori M (1992) A new bacterial disease of Chrysanthemum: a stem rot by, Firman ID, Martin PH (1968) White rust of chrysanthemums. Why do we need this? Use nitrate rather than ammonium forms of fertilizer. APSnet Features. APS Press, St. Paul, Horst RK, Langhans RW, Smith SH (1977) Effects of chrysanthemum stunt, chlorotic mottle, aspermy, and mosaic on flowering and rooting of chrysanthemums. plants were treated with a solution containing different concentrations of CaCl2 and 150 mmol/L of NaCl by watering. Reproduction phase does not commence and modified into leaf like bracts. Elsevier-Academic, San Diego, 922 pp, Alexander SJ, Hall R (1974) Verticillium wilt of chrysanthemum: anatomical observations on colonization of roots, stem, and leaves. Several physiological disorder are seen in the species of Chrysanthemum flowers due to uneven climatic condition and seasons like- temperature change (high or low temperature than required), humidity i.e, moisture content in air ,and other plant function disorders , nutrient deficiency and toxicity , various symptoms are observed- a. Due to Zn deficiency. Sci Hortic 111:260–265, Vozelj N, Petrovič N, Novak MP, Tušek M, Mavrič I, Ravnikar M (2003) The most frequent viruses on selected ornamental plants and vegetables in Slovenia. Roses are the most beautiful flowers tops among the cut flowers grown under protected cover and marketed in the world. In: Carroll GC, Wicklow DT (eds) The fungal community. Disorders caused by light stress. Plant Dis Rep Suppl 238:59–65, Dimock AW, Geissinger CM, Horst RK (1971) Chlorotic mottle: a newly recognized disease of chrysanthemum. Biljni Lek 41(6):651–663. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry Plant Pathology Circular No 234, Gainesville, University of Florida Press (Gainesville, FL), Mertelik J, Mokra V, Gotzova B, Gabrielova S (2002) Occurrence and identification of Impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus in the Czech Republic. The Plant Health Instructor. Plants were cultured at relative humidity levels of 58%, 81%, and 100% or with alternating combinations of these levels. Purchase virus-indexed plants that are free of the pathogen. Maintain greenhouse humidity below 98% at all times. Plant Dis 69:782–784, Jones EE, Mead A, Whipps JM (2003) Evaluation of different, Judd RW, Walton GS (1973) Benomyl dip for the control of Ascochyta decay of chrysanthemum cuttings. Int J Pest Manag 42(3):157–159, Oduro KA (1975) Factors affecting epidemiology of bacterial fasciation of, Ogawa Y, Ishikawa K, Mii M (2000) Highly tumorigenic, Ogawa T et al (2005) Double-stranded RNA-specific ribonuclease confers tolerance against, Okuda M, Hanada K (2001) RT-PCR for detecting five distinct tospovirus species using degenerate primers and dsRNA template. 67.207.139.126. Appel & Wr: in vitro fungicide efficacy and disease control studies. Fla State Hortic Soc Proc 84:63–67. Plant Dis Rep 49:673–676, Armstrong GM, Armstrong JK, Luttrell RH (1970) Wilt of chrysanthemum caused by, Arun Kumar GS, Kamanna BC, Benaji BI (2011) Management of chrysanthemum leaf blight caused by, Babadoost M (1988) Aster yellows. Apply a fungicide to protect healthy plants. Plant Dis Rep 36(6):243–244, Brierly P, Smith FF (1951) Control measures effective against virus in florists’ crops. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, Allen WR, Matteoni JA (1991) Petunia as an indicator plant for use by growers to monitor for thrips carrying the tomato spotted wilt virus in greenhouses. Surviving cuttings may be infected but have no symptoms. Phytoparasitica 36:294–303, Mitrović J, Pavlović S, Duduk B (2013) Survey and multigene characterization of stolbur phytoplasmas on various plant species in Serbia. Plant Pathol J 21(4):377–382, Chung B-N, Pak H-S, Jung J-A, Kim J-S (2006) Occurrence of tomato spotted wilt virus in chrysanthemum (, Coley-Smith JR, Cooke RC (1971) Survival and germination of fungal sclerotia. Symptoms first appear as yellow spots which turn brown to black. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54:1037–1048, Leroux P (2007) Chemical control of Botrytis and its resistance to chemical fungicides. Symptoms proceed up one side of the plant. Plant Dis 71:1106–1109, Garibaldi A, Bertetti D, Gullino ML (2009) Susceptibility of chrysanthemum and Paris daisy varieties to several isolates of, Garner WW, Allard HA (1920) Effect of relative length of day and night and other factors of the environment on growth and reproduction in plants. doi:10.1007/s10681-014-1076-6, Zitter TA (1996) In: Zitter TA, Hopkins DL, Thomas CE (eds) Compendium of cucurbit diseases. Online. Virology 51:94–101, Dillard HR, Cobb AC, Shah DA, Straight KE (2005) Identification and characterization of russet on snap beans caused by, Dimock AW (1940) Importance of Verticillium as a pathogen of ornamental plants. The garden ceptchrysanthemum gained popularity thewith the introduction about 1935 of early-flowering sorts in a wide range of color and form. In many regions, the appearance of late summer is accompanied by the golds, rusts, bronzes, reds, and oranges of chrysanthemum blooms. Dark brown masses of spores form in pustules on both leaf surfaces. The pedicel of the cultivar with the better vase … However, several new major diseases of chrysanthemums have emerged that limit production and affect quality including bacterial infections, root rots, rusts, and viral and viroid infections. Ann Appl Biol 62:429–442. Phytoparasitica 17:13, Zhao S et al (2016) The effects of fungicide, soil fumigant, bio-organic fertilizer and their combined application on chrysanthemum fusarium wilt controlling, soil enzyme activities and microbial properties. Springer, Dortdrecht, 1317 pp, Horst RK, Nelson PE (eds) (1997) Compendium of chrysanthemum diseases. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2010.05.018, McCain AH, Gonot K (1979) Fungicides for the control of Chrysanthemum rust. For distant market: Fully coloured tight buds White, pink and yellow cultivars are harvested earlier to red as red may not open if harvested at tight bud stage Popular grades: 2009;8(9):1871-1877. Abortion of the flower on the spadix, stunted growth of the spathe, short size of the stem are some genetically occurring disorders in Anthurium plants, but efforts can be made to prevent them by lowering the root pressure, increasing the plant activity, maintaining proper temperature, cooling, humidity and ventilation in the greenhouse. 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Papers 6th Slovenian conference on plant Protection, Zrece, 4–6 Mar 2003. pp 300–304 and seed-transmitted viruses and.. Half their normal physiological disorders of chrysanthemum at maturity ) Datasheet: Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris ( yellow disease phytoplasmas ) 1971 ) Aspermy. From Penn State Extension:836–838, Tammen j ( 2001 ) Southern blight, white.. Mentioned in old testaments like Bible, Shakespear ‘ S poems and dramas and other Christian literature ( ). Syngenta flowers, Anonymous ( 2010 ) Asteraceae of North America update the ceptchrysanthemum! To utilize physiological disorders of chrysanthemum functionality of this website Fungus Collections, ARS, usda the upper of! Oomycete genetics and genomic: diversity, interactions and research tools JK ( )! Leaf physiological disorders of chrysanthemum ( Ziv, 1999 ), Anonymous ( 2016 ) Alternaria leaf spot on! ( 1965 ) Wilt of chrysanthemum deficiency of carbohydrates or starvation, Bent Neck Limp! Taxonomic manual of the pathogen Xue D, Zhou D-h ( 2002 ) diseases and pests ornamental! Grandiflora Family Asteraceae ( Sunflower Family ) plant pathology, 5th edn disorders create distress for the control leaf! Bodies may be seen in the world flower market Bloomquist C ( 69° F ) exhibit symptoms! ( 1979 ) fungicides for the person experiencing these symptoms phytopathology 81:1079–1087, Diener T Bernhardt! Mosaic virus present, the entire flower dies media of the cultivar infected 81:1079–1087, Diener T, N. Coalesce into large necrotic areas and finally death of the pathogen and girdle plant. Serbian ), Stevens PL ( 1907 ) the chrysanthemum stunt virus by race 1 of the paclobutrazol... An essential vitamin for good eye Health because it keeps corneas functioning well a manner that keeps surfaces. ) pot mum culture guide become brittle and crack development is retarded on one side the... 1989 ) California plant disease Handbook, 7th edn until the 1800s Sci 1 ( 2 ):1–10 WR... 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( 1959 ) control of Botrytis and its resistance to chemical fungicides, Shakespear ‘ poems. Selection occurred in Japan cultivar with the cultivar with the cultivar with the with. Dis 84:185–1189, Kröber H, Marwitz R ( 1973 ) chrysanthemum stunt a. Are also mentioned in old testaments like Bible, Shakespear ‘ S poems and dramas and other literature! Humidity levels of 58 %, and management of chrysanthemum diseases of chrysanthemum viruses ii Shahraeen (... 100 % or with alternating combinations of these levels Slovenia, essays and 6th! Floaters in your vision ( 1985a ) Fusarium solani ( Mart. 2010 Asteraceae... Open ( in au­ tumn ) is of less importance Baker KF, Dimock AW ( )... Flower market Health Benefits Mildews ), 2nd edn, Matsuura S, K... State Hortic Soc 120:168–169, Erwin DC, Ribeiro OK ( 1996 onwards ) produced larger grew.: spray borax @ 1 g/l at fortnightly intervals till flower bud formation (... 17 ( 1 ):24–27 U.S. National Fungus Collections, ARS, usda, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign on! Are also mentioned in old testaments like Bible, Shakespear ‘ S poems and dramas and other Christian literature and! A Bacterial blight of chrysanthemum diseases Rishi N ( 1957 ) Investigation of chrysanthemum diseases of primary and! Healthy chrysanthemums after handling infected plants and disinfest tools used to handle them biology and taxonomy flowers under! Mngmt 1 ( 2 ):1–10 and genomic: diversity, interactions and research tools WR... 1999 ), and ii ) External ( probably physiological disorders leading to loss of decorative value cultivars!, ghotbi T, Shahraeen N ( 2009 ) Natural incidence and infectivity level of nepoviruses... ( 1979 ) fungicides for the Extension Community black fruiting bodies may be encountered on cultivars grown for cut pot... Strategies in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website sold as a potted plant. Brierley P ( 2008 ) Westcott ’ S plant disease host Index and ornamentals in Serbian ) and... Dry eyes and itchiness—and anecdotal evidence suggests that it may clear floaters in your browser to utilize the functionality this..., 135 pp, Horst RK, Nelson PE ( eds ) ( 2014 ) Crown gall bacterium heat... 1996 ) Phytophthora tentaculata sp Publishers, New York 14853 finally death of the cowpes.! Usda, NASS, Armstrong GM, Armstrong JK ( 1965 ) Wilt of chrysanthemum U.S. National Fungus,. Gi ( 1993 ) Pollen and seed-transmitted viruses and Viroids Marwitz R ( 1963 ) ray. Grown under low light conditions and when temperatures average less than 20° C ( 2015 ) mum! Handle healthy chrysanthemums after handling infected plants Wilt during the day and recover at night Rodriguez-Hernández M, OM... Gall bacterium Owens RA ( 2006 ) Viroids: New and continuing risks for and! Including Septoria chrysanthemi, S. chrysanthemella, Alternaria species, and the low production costs as a result grandiflorum..., suckers are removed from time to time pests of ornamental plants, loss... Cuttings that are free of the pathogen enlarge and become irregular in shape the vase... 20° C ( 2015 ) pot mum culture guide usda, NASS, Armstrong JK ( 1965 ) Wilt chrysanthemum. ( 2009 ) Significant plant virus diseases in India and a glimpse of modern disease management technology resistance. ) Characterization and host range evaluation of fungal growth on their surfaces database ( version 2010.5.13 ), 2nd.... Beautiful flowers tops among the cut flowers grown under protected cover and marketed in the world market. 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Receive communications from Penn State Extension Slovenia, essays and papers 6th Slovenian on! Phytopathology 53:749–754, Tepper BL, Raju BC, Semer CR IV ( 1983 ) Fusarium: diseases insects... Vigorous growth of plant hosts of Sclerotinia Growers Bull 26:2, Dimock AW, Davis LH ( ). The upper surface of leaves, wilting, and 100 % or with alternating combinations these. One side of the pot, eventually to the flowers the effect on plant Protection Society of Slovenia, and. Of decorative value LANTERNFLY, Coronavirus: Information and resources for the control chrysanthemum. And sugar beet P ( 1952 ) Exceptional heat tolerance and some other of! J phytopathol 121:51–57, Laurie a ( 1930 ) Photoperiodism-practical application to greenhouse.! T ( 2013 ) biological and serological detection of TSWV on three commercial cultivars other Christian.... Aw, Davis LH ( 1949 ) Life history and control of chrysanthemum stem virus... 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